Bilirubin: common causes for increased levels [ID 602]
"HOT Liver":
Hemolysis
Obstruction
Tumor
Liver disease
Knowledge Level 4, System: Alimentary
Sung H. Kim
Celiac sprue gluten sensitive enteropathy: gluten-containing grains Hi Yield [ID 2295]
BROW:
Barley
Rye
Oats
Wheat
_ Flattened intestinal villi of celiac sprue are smooth, like an eyebrow.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Alimentary
Jack A. Pasquale, MD St. George's University, School of Medicine
Charcot's triad (gallstones) Hi Yield [ID 695]
"Charcot's Triad is 3 C's":
Color change (jaundice)
Colic (biliary) pain, aka RUQ pain
Chills and fever
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Rinku Uberoi UNIBE
Charcot's triad (gallstones) Hi Yield [ID 835]
"Charge a FEE":
Charcot's triad is:
Fever
Epigastric & RUQ pain
Emesis & nausea
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Cholangitis features Hi Yield [ID 696]
CHOLANGITITS:
Charcot's triad/ Conjugated bilirubin increase
Hepatic abscesses/ Hepatic (intra/extra) bile ducts/ HLA B8, DR3
Obstruction
Leukocytosis
Alkaline phosphatase increase
Neoplasms
Gallstones
Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis)
Transaminase increase
Infection
Sclerosing
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Rinku S. Uberoi UNIBE
Cirrhosis: causes of hepatic cirrhosis [ID 1643]
HEPATIC:
Hemochromatosis (primary)
Enzyme deficiency (alpha-1-anti-trypsin)
Post hepatic (infection + drug induced)
Alcoholic
Tyrosinosis
Indian childhood (galactosemia)
Cardiac/ Cholestatic (biliary)/ Cancer/ Copper (Wilson's)
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Dr. Chetan Wasekar
Cirrhosis: differential: common and rarer [ID 3071]
_ Common causes are ABC:
Alcohol
B (Hepatitis)
C (Hepatitis)
_ Rarer are also ABC:
Autoimmune
Biliary cirrhosis
Copper (Wilson's)
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student
Constipation: causes [ID 3063]
DOPED:
Drugs (eg opiates)
Obstruction (eg IBD, cancer)
Pain
Endocrine (eg hypothyroid)
Depression
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student
Crohn's disease: morphology, symptoms Hi Yield [ID 1270]
CHRISTMAS:
Cobblestones
High temperature
Reduced lumen
Intestinal fistulae
Skip lesions
Transmural (all layers, may ulcerate)
Malabsorption
Abdominal pain
Submucosal fibrosis
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Samuel Atom Baek-Kim
Digestive disorders: pH level [ID 316]
With vomiting both the pH and food come up.
With diarrhea both the pH and food go down.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Joel Topf Indiana University
Dry mouth: differential [ID 2728]
"DRI":
_ 2 of each:
Drugs/ Dehydration
Renal failure/ Radiotherapy
Immunological (Sjogren's)/ Intense emotions
Knowledge Level 5, System: Alimentary
Anil Pandit Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
Dysphagia: causes [ID 3070]
MOON:
Mouth lesions
Obstruction
Oesophageal stricture
Neurological (eg stroke, Guillain-Barre, achalasia)
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student
Dysphagia: differential [ID 2722]
DISPHAGIA:
Disease of mouth and tonsils/ Diffuse oesophageal spasm/ Diabetes mellitus
Intrinsic lesion
Scleroderma
Pharyngeal disorders/ Palsy-bulbar-MND
Achalasia
Heart: eft atrium enlargement
Goitre/ myesthenia Gravis/ mediastinal Glands
Infections
American trypanosomiasis (chagas disease)
Knowledge Level 4, System: Alimentary
Anil Pandit, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepalmanipal
GIT symptoms [ID 1111]
BAD ANAL S#!T:
Bleeding
Abdominal pain
Dysphagia
Abdominal bloating
Nausea & vomiting
Anorexia/ Appetite changes
Lethargy
S#!ts (diarrhea)
Heartburn
Increased bilirubin (jaundice)
Temperature (fever)
Knowledge Level 1, System: Alimentary
The Cashman University of Queensland, Australia
H. Pylori treatment regimen (rough guidelines) Hi Yield [ID 425]
"Please Make Tummy Better":
Proton pump inhibitor
Metronidazole
Tetracycline
Bismuth
_ Alternatively: TOMB:
Tetracycline
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
Bismuth
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Steven Holsenback and Leena Alexander COMP and Texas, USA
Hepatic encephalopathy: precipitating factors [ID 1645]
HEPATICS:
Hemorrhage in GIT/ Hyperkalemia
Excess protein in diet
Paracentesis
Acidosis/ Anemia
Trauma
Infection
Colon surgery
Sedatives
Knowledge Level 4, System: Alimentary
Dr. Chetan Wasekar
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) cause is DNA mismatch repair [ID 253]
DNA mismatch causes a bubble in the strand where the two nucleotides don't match.
This looks like the ensuing polyps that arise in the colon.
_ See diagram.
Knowledge Level 7, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
IBD: extraintestinal manifestations [ID 284]
A PIE SAC:
Aphthous ulcers
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Iritis
Erythema nodosum
Sclerosing cholangitis
Arthritis
Clubbing of fingertips
Knowledge Level 5, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
IBD: surgery indications [ID 209]
"I CHOP":
Infection
Carcinoma
Haemorrhage
Obstruction
Perforation
_ "Chop" convenient since surgery chops them open.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Liver failure (chronic): signs found on the arms Hi Yield [ID 2304]
CLAPS:
Clubbing
Leukonychia
Asterixis
Palmar erythema
Scratch marks
Knowledge Level 1, System: Alimentary
Jason
Pancreatitis (acute): causes Hi Yield [ID 143]
GET SMASHED:
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune (PAN)
Scorpion stings
Hyperlipidemia/ Hypercalcemia
ERCP
Drugs (including azathioprine and diuretics)
_ Note: 'Get Smashed' is slang in some countries for drinking, and ethanol is an important pancreatitis cause.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Chris Perry Edinburgh Medical School
Pancreatitis: criteria Hi Yield [ID 917]
PANCREAS:
PaO2 below 8
Age >55
Neutrophils: WCC >15
Calcium below 2
Renal: Urea >16
Enzymes: LDH >600; AST >200
Albumin below 32
Sugar: Glucose >10 (unless diabetic patient)
Knowledge Level 4, System: Alimentary
Daniel Henning 4th yr Medical Student, Belfast, UK
Pancreatitis: Ranson criteria for pancreatitis at admission Hi Yield [ID 1055]
LEGAL:
Leukocytes > 16.000
Enzyme AST > 250
Glucose > 200
Age > 55
LDH > 350
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Pedro Tulio
Pancreatitis: Ranson criteria for pancreatitis: at admission Hi Yield [ID 999]
"GA LAW" (GA is abbreviation for the U.S. state of Georgia):
Glucose >200
AST >250
LDH >350
Age >55 y.o.
WBC >16000
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Pancreatitis: Ranson criteria for pancreatitis: initial 48 hours [ID 1000]
"C & HOBBS" (Calvin and Hobbes):
Calcium <>
Hct drop > 10%
Oxygen <>
BUN > 5
Base deficit > 4
Sequestration of fluid > 6L
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Splenomegaly: causes [ID 3066]
CHINA:
Congestion/ Cellular infiltration
Haematological (eg haemolytic anaemia, Sickle cell)
Infection/ Infarction (eg malaria, GF, CMV)
Neoplasia (eg CML, lymphoma, other myeloproliferative)
Autoimmune
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student
Ulcerative colitis: complications [ID 620]
"PAST Colitis":
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sclerosing pericholangitis
Toxic megacolon
Colon carcinoma
Knowledge Level 4, System: Alimentary
Ritu Garg
Ulcerative colitis: definition of a severe attack [ID 2719]
A STATE:
Anemia less than 10g/dl
Stool frequency greater than 6 stools/day with blood
Temperature greater than 37.5
Albumin less than 30g/L
Tachycardia greater than 90bpm
ESR greater than 30mm/hr
Knowledge Level 6, System: Alimentary
Anil Pandit Manipal College of Mecdical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
Vomiting: extra GI differential Hi Yield [ID 2720]
VOMITING:
Vestibular disturbance/ Vagal (reflex pain)
Opiates
Migrane/ Metabolic (DKA, gastroparesis, hypercalcemia)
Infections
Toxicity (cytotoxic, digitalis toxicity)
Increased ICP, Ingested alcohol
Neurogenic, psychogenic
Gestation
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Anil Pandit, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
Whipple's disease: clinical manifestations [ID 2147]
SHELDA:
Serositis
Hyperpigmentation of skin
Eating less (weight loss)
Lymphadenopathy
Diarrhea
Arthritis
Knowledge Level 6, System: Alimentary
Pedro Tulio Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Haemachromatosis complications Hi Yield [ID 888]
"HaemoChromatosis Can Cause Deposits Anywhere":
Hypogonadism
Cancer (hepatocellular)
Cirrhosis
Cardiomyopathy
Diabetes mellitus
Arthropathy
Knowledge Level 6, System: Cardiovascular
Logan Mitchell Dunedin Medical School, New Zealand
Diabetic ketoacidosis: precipitating factors Hi Yield [ID 2023]
_ 5 I's:
Infection
Ischaemia (cardiac, mesenteric)
Infarction
Ignorance (poor control)
Intoxication (alcohol)
Knowledge Level 4, System: Endocrine
James Thomas
Liver failure: decompensating chronic liver failure differential [ID 2742]
HEPATICUS:
Haemorrhage
Electrolyte disturbance
Protein load/ Paracetamol
Alcohol binge
Trauma
Infection
Constipation
Uraemia
Sedatives/ Shunt/ Surgery
Knowledge Level 5, System: Integumental
Jude McSharry University College Hospital Galway
Splenomegaly: causes [ID 2852]
CHIMP:
Cysts
Haematological ( eg CML, myelofibrosis)
Infective (eg viral (IM), bacterial)
Metabolic/ Misc (eg amyloid, Gauchers)
Portal hypertension
Knowledge Level 1, System: Lymphoid
Mel
