B vitamin names Hi Yield [ID 399]
"The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious":
_ In increasing order:
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
Pyridoxine (B6)
Cobalamin (B12)
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Catabolism steps of branched chain amino acids [ID 652]
"Truck hit the Ox to Death":
Transamination
Oxidative decarboxylation
Dehydrogenation
Knowledge Level 6, System: Alimentary
Usman Ahmad
Essential amino acids Hi Yield [ID 128]
PVT. TIM HALL:
Phe
Val
Thr
Trp
Ile
Met
His
Arg
Leu
Lys
_ Pvt. is short for Private in the military.
_ Arg and His are considered semiessential.
_ Alternatively: "MATT VIL PHLy".
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Dr. Kishore Chandki MGM Medical College, Indore, India
Essential amino acids Hi Yield [ID 442]
"PVT. TIM HALL always argues, never tires":
Phe
Val
Thr
Trp
Ile
Met
His
Arg
Lue
Lys
_ Always argues: the A is for Arg, not Asp.
_ 'Never tires': T is not Tyr, but is both Thr and Trp.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Fasting state: branched-chain amino acids used by skeletal muscles [ID 784]
"Muscles LIVe fast":
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Daniel Marcano Medical school graduate
Folate deficiency: causes [ID 1410]
A FOLIC DROP:
Alcoholism
Folic acid antagonists
Oral contraceptives
Low dietary intake
Infection with Giardia
Celiac sprue
Dilatin
Relative folate deficiency
Old
Pregnant
Knowledge Level 5, System: Alimentary
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Glycogen storage: Anderson's (IV) vs. Cori's (III) enzyme defect Hi Yield [ID 2248]
ABCD:
Anderson's=Branching enzyme.
Cori's=Debranching enzyme.
_ Otherwise, can't really distinguish clinically.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Glycogen storage: names of types I through VI Hi Yield [ID 2638]
"Viagra Pills Cause A Major Hardon":
Von Gierke's
Pompe's
Cori's
Anderson's
McArdle's
Her's
Knowledge Level 1, System: Alimentary
Chris Reed Medical College of Wisconsin
Glycolysis steps Hi Yield [ID 317]
"Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies":
Glucose
Glucose-6-P
Fructose-6-P
Fructose-1,6-diP
Dihydroxyacetone-P
Glyceraldehyde-P
1,3-Biphosphoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate (to)
Phosphoenolpyruvate [PEP]
Pyruvate
_ 'Did', 'By' and 'Pies' tell you the first part of those three: di-, bi-, and py-.
_ 'PrEPare' tells location of PEP in the process.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Alimentary
Ken Evans Saskatchewan Health, Acute and Emergency Services
Hypervitaminosis A: signs and symptoms Hi Yield [ID 755]
"Increased Vitamin A makes you HARD":
Headache/ Hepatomegaly
Anorexia/ Alopecia
Really painful bones
Dry skin/ Drowsiness
Knowledge Level 1, System: Alimentary
Usman Ahmad KMC
Infantile Beriberi symptoms Hi Yield [ID 754]
Restlessness
Sleeplessness
Breathlessness
Soundlessness (aphonia)
Eatlessness (anorexia)
Great heartedness (dilated heart)
_ Alternatively: Get 5 of 'em with BERI: Breathless/ Big hearted, Eatless, Restless, Insomnia.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Usman Ahmad KMC
Niacin deficiency: signs and symptoms Hi Yield [ID 1456]
The famous 4 D's:
Diarrhoea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death (if untreated)
Knowledge Level 1, System: Alimentary
Dr. Atif Farooq Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan, Gujranwala
Phosphorylation cascade: action during low glucose [ID 138]
"In the Phasted State, Phosphorylate":
The phosphorylation cascade becomes active when blood glucose is low.
Knowledge Level 5, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Type 1 glycogen storage disease Hi Yield [ID 562]
Type 1 = one (Von), ie Von Giereke's disease
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Dr. Waqas H. Sheikh BVI Co.
Van den Bergh reaction (Jaundice test) Hi Yield [ID 559]
"Indirect reacting bilirubin = Unconjugated bilirubin":
Both start with vowels, so they go together: Indirect & Unconjugated.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Dr. Waqas H. Sheikh BVI Co.
Vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid) deficiency: pellagra Hi Yield [ID 2234]
The 3 D's of pellagra:
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
_ Note vitamin B3 is the 3 D's.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Alimentary
Andrew J. Vasil UMD School of Medicine, Duluth, MN
Vitamins: which are fat soluble Hi Yield [ID 149]
KADE:
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Anonymous Contributor
Vitamins: which are fat soluble Hi Yield [ID 1343]
"The FAT cat is in the ADEK (attic)":
Fat soluble vitamins are A,D,E,K.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Alimentary
Presley Ross Medicine
Coagulation common pathway: factors in order Hi Yield [ID 3014]
10 + 5 - 2 = 13
Coagulation common pathway:
Factor X to Factor V to Factor II to Factor XIII
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
John Chung University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
Fabry's disease Hi Yield [ID 574]
FABRY'S:
Foam cells found in glomeruli and tubules/ Febrile episodes
Alpha galactosidase A deficiency/ Angiokeratomas
Burning pain in extremities/ BUN increased in serum/ Boys
Renal failure
YX genotype (male, X linked recessive)
Sphingolipidoses
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Rinku Uberoi UNIBE
Heme synthesis: amino acid precursors to basic unit of porphyrins, heme (pyrrole ring) [ID 2051]
"Dracula wants to Suck a Co-ed's blood [think heme] with his Glystening teeth!":
Succinyl CoA and Glycine are precursor amino acids to pyrrole rings, which is the basic unit of porphyrins and heme.
Knowledge Level 5, System: Cardiovascular
Christian Garaycochea Medical student
Hemoglobin binding curve: causes of shift to right Hi Yield [ID 2561]
"CADET, face right!":
CO2
Acid
2,3-DPG (aka 2,3 BPG)
Exercise
Temperature
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Porphyrias: acute intermittent porphyria symptoms Hi Yield [ID 2062]
5 P's:
Pain in abdomen
Polyneuropathy
Psychologial abnormalities
Pink urine
Precipitated by drugs (eg barbiturates, oral contraceptives, sulpha drugs)
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Anuradha
Sickle cell anemia: mutation [ID 1320]
"HbS isn't Very Good":
At Sixth position of HB beta chain, Valine is present instead of Glutamic acid.
Knowledge Level 5, System: Cardiovascular
Dr. Khawaja Atif Farooq Rawalpindi Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
Sickle cell disease pathophysiology [ID 745]
SICKle cell disease is due to a Substitution of the SICKsth amino acid of the B chain.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Vitamin K dependent cofactors Hi Yield [ID 3143]
"Several Tend To Nicely Stop Clots":
Factor Seven, Ten, Two, Nine.
Protein S, Protein C.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Medical Student Class 2004 University of Western Ontario
Adrenaline mechanism [ID 654]
"ABC of Adrenaline":
Adrenaline--> activates Beta receptors--> increases Cyclic AMP
Knowledge Level 1, System: Endocrine
Usman Ahmad
Galactosaemia: enzyme deficiency Hi Yield [ID 1995]
GALIPUT:
Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyl Transferase.
_ There is an assay called the Galiput test for this.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Endocrine
Anonymous Contributor
Glucagon function [ID 753]
"Mr. Gluca has Gone to the cAMP to bring out some Glucose":
_ Glucagon elevates glucose by cAMP mechanism.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Endocrine
Usman Ahmad KMC
Hyperglycemia: 3 classic signs and symptoms [ID 2712]
DKA:
Dehydrated
Ketoacidosis
Acetone breath
Knowledge Level 1, System: Endocrine
Chris B.
Insulin: function Hi Yield [ID 172]
INsulIN stimulates 2 things to go
IN 2 cells: Potassium and Glucose.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Endocrine
Anonymous Contributor
Collagen concisely covered [ID 600]
COLLAGEN:
C-terminal propeptide (procollagen)/ Covalent Cross links/ C vitamin/ Connective tissue/ Cartilage/ Chondroblasts/ Copper Cofactor
(Covalent Cross linking)
Outside the cell is where collagen normally functions/ Osteoblasts/ Osteogenesis imperfecta
Lysyl hydroxylase/ Lysyl oxidase (oxidatively deaminates lysyl and hydroxylysyl residues to form collagen cross links, last biosynthesis
step)
Long triple helical fibers/ Ligaments
Alpha chains/ Attached by H bonds form triple helix/ Ascorbate for hydroxylation of lysyl and prolyl residues of pro-Alpha chains
(postranslational modification)
Gly in every third position/ Glycosylation of hydroxyl group of hydroxylysine with Glucose and Galactose; GOlgi allows procollagen to
GO outside of cell
Extracellular matrix/ Eye (cornea, sclera)/ Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
N-terminal propeptide (procollagen)/ Nonhelical terminal extensions
_ Note: Procollagen LEAVEs the cell to be cLEAVEd by procollagen peptidases
Knowledge Level 7, System: Integumental
Rinku S Uberoi UNIBE
BUN:creatinine elevation: causes Hi Yield [ID 2159]
ABCD:
Azotremia (pre-renal)
Bleeding (GI)
Catabolic status
Diet (high protein parenteral nutrition)
Knowledge Level 3, System: Kidney/Urine
Anthony Chan
G6PD: oxidant drugs inducing hemolytic anemia Hi Yield [ID 2208]
AAA:
Antibiotic (eg: sufamethoxazole)
Antimalarial (eg: primaquine)
Antipyretics (eg: acetanilid, but not aspirin or acetaminophen)
Knowledge Level 3, System: Lymphoid
Andrew J. Vasil UMD School of Medicine, Duluth, MN
Creatine phosphate: amino acid precursors [ID 2049]
"Nice GAMs!":
Glycine
Arginine
Methionine
_ Gam is slang for a person's leg, especiallay an attractive female's leg: "Nice gams = nice legs!"
_ Creatine phosphate is a muscle energy store, and spontaneously converts to creatinine which is excreted in the urine in direct proportion to
muscle mass: clinically useful, such as in MS Dx.
Knowledge Level 5, System: Muscle
Christian Garaycochea medical student
AcetylCoA and acetacetylCoA: amino acids forming them [ID 558]
"A Lighter Lease" (A LyTr LeIs):
A=AcetylCoA or Acetoacetyl CoA
Ly=Lysine
Tr=Tryptophan
Le=Leucine
Is=Isoleucine
Knowledge Level 6, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Dr. Waqas H. Sheikh BVI Co.
Carbon monoxide: electron transport chain target [ID 639]
"CO blocks CO":
Carbon monoxide (CO) blocks Cytochrome Oxidase (CO)
Knowledge Level 3, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Citric acid cycle compounds Hi Yield [ID 318]
"Oh Citric Acid Is Of (course) A SiLly STupid Funny Molecule":
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
Aconitate
Isocitrate
Oxalosuccinate
Alpha-ketoglutarate
SuccinyL-CoA
SuccinaTe
Fumarate
Malate
_ SilLy and sTupid used to differentiate succinyL and succinaTe
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Ken Evans Saskatchewan Health, Acute and Emergency Services
Citric acid cycle compounds Hi Yield [ID 656]
"Can I Keep Selling Sex For Money, Officer?":
Citrate
Isocitrate
alpha Ketogluterate
Succinyl CoA
Succinate
Fumerate
Malate
Oxaloacetate
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Ramon Ter-Oganesyan and Rebecca University of California Irvine
Citric acid cycle compounds Hi Yield [ID 1368]
"Oh! Can I Keep Some Succinate For Myself?":
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
Isocitrate
Ketoglutarate
Succinyl coA
Succinate
Fumarate
Malate
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Serene NUS, Singapore
Citric acid cycle compounds Hi Yield [ID 1929]
"Our City Is Kept Safe And Sound From Malice":
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
Isocitrate
alpha-Ketoglutarate
Succinyl-CoA
Succinate
Fumarate
Malate
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Borels
Citric acid cycle compounds Hi Yield [ID 1962]
"Can I Ask Sharon Stone For My Orgasm?":
Citrate
Isocitrate
Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Succinyl CoA
Succinate
Fumerate
Maleate
Oxaloacetate
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Arun Mathews The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Dicarboxylic acids (alpha, omega) C2 through C10: common names [ID 130]
"Oh My, Such Good Apple Pie, Sweet As Sugar!":
Oxalic
Malonic
Succinic
Glutaric
Adipic
Pimelic
Suberic
Azelaic
Sebacic
Knowledge Level 8, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
DNA bond strength (nucleotides) [ID 1008]
"Crazy Glue":
Strongest bonds are between Cytosine and Guanine, strong like Crazy Glue (3 H-bonds), whereas the A=T only have 2 H-bonds.
_ This is relevant to DNA replication, as the weaker A=T will be the site where RNA primer makes the initial break.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
Electron transport chain: Rotenone's site of action Hi Yield [ID 649]
Rotenone is a site specific inhibitor of complex one.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Enzyme kinetics: competitive vs. non-competitive inhibition Hi Yield [ID 2696]
With Kompetitive inhibition: Km increases; no change in Vmax.
With Non-kompetitive inhibition: No change in Km; Vmax decreases.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Patricia Sanchez INTEC University, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Enzymes: classification Hi Yield [ID 2054]
"Over The HILL":
Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolases
Isomerases
Ligases
Lyases
_ Enzymes get reaction over the hill. See diagram.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Kenny Livingstone St. Andrews medical student
Enzymes: competitive inhibitors Hi Yield [ID 563]
"Competition is hard because we have to travel more kilometers (Km) with the same velocity":
With competitive inhibitors, velocity remains same but Km increases
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Dr. Waqas H. Sheikh BVI Co.
G protein type for respective receptors [ID 1395]
"KISS and KICK till you're SICK of SEX" (QISS and QIQ till you're SIQ of SQS):
_ This gives the G-protein type (Gq, Gi, or Gs) for all the receptors. Receptors are in alphabetical order:
alpha1=Q
alpha2=I
beta1=S
beta3=S
M1=Q
M2=I
M3=Q
D1=S
D2=I
H1=Q
H2=S
V1=Q
V2=S
Knowledge Level 4, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Khawaja Atif Farooq and Julien Pham Rawalpindi Medical College, Horizon Medical Institute, Pakistan and University of Washington
Golgi complex: functions [ID 890]
"Golgi Distributes A SPAM":
Distributes proteins and lipids from ER
Add mannose onto specific lysosome proteins
Sulfation of sugars and slected tyrosine
Proteoglycan assembly
Add O-oligosugars to serine and threnonine
Modify N-ologosugars on asparagine
Knowledge Level 3, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Samuel Atom Baek-Kim
Malate-aspartate shuttle [ID 989]
"MAD commute":
Malate in.
Alpha-ketoglutarate and D (Aspartate) out.
Knowledge Level 5, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Samuel
Metabolic acidosis (normal anion-gap): causes [ID 2001]
_ With hyperkalemia: RAISE K+:
RTA type 4
Aldosterone or mineralocorticord deficiency
Iatrogenic: NH4Cl, HCl
"Stenosis": obstructive uropathy
Early uremia
_ With hypokalemia: ReDUCE K+:
Renal TA type 1 and 2
Diarrhoea
Urine diversion into gut
Carbonate anhydrase inhibitor
Ex-hyperventilation
Knowledge Level 2, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anthony Chan
Metabolism sites [ID 612]
"Use both arms to HUG":
Heme synthesis
Urea cycle
Gluconeogenesis
_ These reactions occur in both cytoplasm and mitochondria.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Rinku Uberoi
Mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) properties [ID 637]
"mt DNA".
mt stands for:
Maternal Transfer
Mutates Tremendously (high mutation rate)
Knowledge Level 4, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Na/K pump action Hi Yield [ID 491]
(Sing loudly to the chorus of "Kiss Him Goodbye"): "Na, Na, Na -- out! Na, Na, Na -- out! K, K goes...inside!"
Action of pump is 3 Na out and 2 K in
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Graham Austin University of Georgia, Cell Bio Dept
Na/K pump: concentrations of Na vs. K on inside/outside of cell, pump action, number of molecules
moved
Hi Yield [ID 160]
HIKIN':
There is a HIgh K concentration INside the cell.
From this can deduce that the Na/K pump pumps K into cell and Na out of cell.
Alternatively: When I was learning this pump (circa 1992), a band that was "in" was Kris Kross, and a band that was "out" was "Sha Na
Na Na":
So pump moves K K (2 K) in and Na Na Na (3 Na) out.
_ Sadly, as infectious as their debut album was, Kris Kross can really no longer be classed as "in".
Knowledge Level 2, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Na+/K+ pump: movement of ions and quantity Hi Yield [ID 2529]
K+ and in each consist of 2 characters, so so 2 K+ are pumped in.
Na+ and out each consist of 3 characters, so 3 Na+ are pumped out.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Nitric oxide: amino acid precursor [ID 2050]
When the dentist works on your teeth, you say, "AAArg! (Arginine)" before he administers Nitric Oxide (NO) to take the pain away.
_ Other players necessary for NO synthesis: NO synthase, Ca++, NADPH.
Knowledge Level 5, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Christian Garaycochea Medical student
Phenylketonuria: which enzyme is deficient Hi Yield [ID 915]
PHenylketonuria is caused by a deficiency of:
Phenylalanine
Hydroxylase
Knowledge Level 3, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
Pompe's disease: type Hi Yield [ID 824]
"Police = Po + lys":
Pompe's disease is a lysosomal storage disease (alpha 1,4 glucosidase).
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
Pyruvate: products of complete oxidation Hi Yield [ID 1133]
"4 Naked Fun 3 Coeds + 1 Guy":
_ Complete oxidation of pyruvate yields:
4 NADH
FADH2
3 CO2
1 GTP
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons
Tangier's disease: hallmark [ID 2249]
"Tangierene tonsils":
Hallmark is large orange tonsils.
_ Important clinical note: there is no increased risk of atherosclerosis, just like eating tangerenes.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Anonymous Contributor
tRNA: molecular shape [ID 142]
Fortunately, tRNA (Transfer RNA) is shaped like a capital T.
_ See diagram.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
BIOLOGY
Cell cycle [ID 507]
"George Sucked Gina's Mammary":
G1-S-G2-M.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Josh Kunken Undergrad, Univ of Calif., Berkeley
Mitosis: events at 4 stages [ID 506]
_ Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase:
Prophase: Chromosomes and spindles are Produced.
Metaphase: chromosomes MetAlign themselves.
Anaphase: [Ana] divorced or separated.
Telophase: Tell-O'Brien his daughter cells are ready.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Other/Miscellaneous
Josh Kunken Undergrad, Univ of Calif, Berkeley
