Anti-arrythmics: for AV nodes [ID 2508]
"Do Block AV":
Digoxin
B-blockers
Adenosine
Verapamil
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Azira Azmi University of Otago
Aortic regurgitation: causes [ID 3074]
CREAM:
Congenital
Rheumatic damage
Endocarditis
Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation
Marfan’s
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student
Aortic stenosis characteristics Hi Yield [ID 197]
SAD:
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnoea
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable [ID 1582]
HILT:
Heaving
Impalpable
Laterally displaced
Thrusting/ Tapping
_ If it is impalpable, causes are COPD:
COPD
Obesity
Pleural, Pericardial effusion
Dextrocardia
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Sushant Varma Medical student, University of Sheffield, UK
Apex beat: differential for impalpable apex beat [ID 2798]
DOPES:
Dextrocardia
Obesity
Pericarditis/ Pericardial tamponade/ Pneumothorax
Emphysema
Sinus inversus/ Student incompetence/ Scoliosis/ Skeletal abnormalities (eg pectus excavatum)
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Fiona Hayes and Moses Lee Tong Chsia and Dalton Boyo UWCM, Cardiff, UK and Not Specified and Medical Student
Atrial fibrillation: causes Hi Yield [ID 1092]
A S#!T:
Alcohol
Stenosis (mitral valve)
Hypertension
Infarction/ Ischaemia
Thyrotoxicosis
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Atrial fibrillation: causes [ID 2468]
PIRATES:
Pulmonary: PE, COPD
Iatrogenic
Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation
Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD
Thyroid: hyperthyroid
Endocarditis
Sick sinus syndrome
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Atrial fibrillation: management Hi Yield [ID 2469]
ABCD:
Anti-coagulate
Beta-block to control rate
Cardiovert
Digoxin
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade) Hi Yield [ID 660]
3 D's:
Distant heart sounds
Distended jugular veins
Decreased arterial pressure
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers Hi Yield [ID 1537]
"Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium"
_ Cardioselective betablockers are:
Betaxolol
Acebutelol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol
Knowledge Level 5, System: Cardiovascular
Diljot Singh Bedi GMCH Chandigarh, India
CHF: causes of exacerbation Hi Yield [ID 919]
FAILURE:
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia/ Anaemia
Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection
Lifestyle: taken too much salt
Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism
Renal failure
Embolism: pulmonary
Knowledge Level 6, System: Cardiovascular
Lau Yue Young Geoffrey
CHF: causes of exacerbation [ID 3059]
A SMITH PEAR:
Anemia
Salt/ Stress/ Stopping meds
MI
Infection/ Ischemia
Thyroid (high/low)
HTN
Pericarditis
Endocarditis (valve disease)
Arrhythmia
Rx (beta blocker, etc)
Knowledge Level 6, System: Cardiovascular
Andrew Mackie, PA Rhode Island Hospital
Coronary artery bypass graft: indications Hi Yield [ID 1607]
DUST:
Depressed ventricular function
Unstable angina
Stenosis of the left main stem
Triple vessel disease
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Sushant Varma Medical student, University of Sheffield, UK
Coronary artery bypass graft: indications Hi Yield [ID 2067]
DUST:
Depressed ventricular function
Unstable angina
Stenosis of the left main stem
Triple vessel disease
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Sushant Varma University of Sheffield, UK
Depressed ST-segment: causes Hi Yield [ID 1167]
DEPRESSED ST:
Drooping valve (MVP)
Enlargement of LV with strain
Potassium loss (hypokalemia)
Reciprocal ST- depression (in I/W AMI)
Embolism in lungs (pulmonary embolism)
Subendocardial ischemia
Subendocardial infarct
Encephalon haemorrhage (intracranial haemorrhage)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Shock
Toxicity of digitalis, quinidine
Knowledge Level 8, System: Cardiovascular
Dr. Sonali V.
ECG: left vs. right bundle block [ID 218]
"WiLLiaM MaRRoW":
W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block.
M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block.
_ Note: consider bundle branch blocks when QRS complex is wide.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
ECG: T wave inversion causes [ID 2090]
INVERT:
Ischemia
Normality [esp. young, black]
Ventricular hypertrophy
Ectopic foci [eg calcified plaques]
RBBB, LBBB
Treatments [digoxin]
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications [ID 2068]
RAMP:
Recent MI
Aortic stenosis
MI in the last 7 days
Pulmonary hypertension
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Sushant Varma University of Sheffield, UK
Heart compensatory mechanisms that 'save' organ blood flow during shock [ID 433]
"Heart SAVER":
Symphatoadrenal system
Atrial natriuretic factor
Vasopressin
Endogenous digitalis-like factor
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
_ In all 5, system is activated/factor is released
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Heart failure: signs [ID 3194]
TAPED TORCH:
Tachycardia
Ascites
Pulsus alternans
Elevated jugular venous pressure
Displaced apex beat
Third heart sound
Oedema
Right ventricular heave
Crepitations or wheeze
Hepatomegaly (tender)
Knowledge Level 6, System: Cardiovascular
Sandeep Samrat Sharma Armed Forces Medical College
Heart murmurs Hi Yield [ID 1682]
"hARD ASS MRS. MSD":
hARD: Aortic Regurg = Diastolic
ASS: Aortic Stenosis = Systolic
MRS: Mitral Regurg = Systolic
MSD: Mitral Stenosis = Diastolic
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Jack Pasquale, MD St. George's University, School of Medicine
Jugular venous pressure (JVP) elevation: causes Hi Yield [ID 1087]
HOLT: Grab Harold Holt around the neck and throw him in the ocean:
Heart failure
Obstruction of venea cava
Lymphatic enlargement - supraclavicular
Intra-Thoracic pressure increase
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Daniel Clarke University of Queensland
JVP: wave form Hi Yield [ID 2022]
ASK ME:
Atrial contraction
Systole (ventricular contraction)
Klosure (closure) of tricusps, so atrial filling
Maximal atrial filling
Emptying of atrium
_ See diagram.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Hafizur Rahman Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manc Medical School
MI: basic management [ID 207]
BOOMAR:
Bed rest
Oxygen
Opiate
Monitor
Anticoagulate
Reduce clot size
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
MI: signs and symptoms Hi Yield [ID 413]
PULSE:
Persistent chest pains
Upset stomach
Lightheadedness
Shortness of breath
Excessive sweating
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Sara Nemetz
MI: therapeutic treatment Hi Yield [ID 850]
ROAMBAL:
Reassure
Oxygen
Aspirin
Morphine (diamorphine)
Beta blocker
Arthroplasty
Lignocaine
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
MI: therapeutic treatment Hi Yield [ID 981]
"O BATMAN!":
Oxygen
Beta blocker
ASA
Thrombolytics (eg heparin)
Morphine
Ace prn
Nitroglycerin
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Kristy Thomas, PA-C Mesquite Medical Associates, Mesquite, NV
MI: therapeutic treatment Hi Yield [ID 1137]
MONAH:
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Aspirin
Heparin
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
MI: treatment of acute MI Hi Yield [ID 1588]
COAG:
Cyclomorph
Oxygen
Aspirin
Glycerol trinitrate
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Alan Desmond Cork University Hospital
Mitral regurgitation Hi Yield [ID 1710]
When you hear holosystolic murmurs, think "MR-THEM ARE holosystolic murmurs".
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
James Noble Emory University School of Medicine
Mitral stenosis (MS) vs. regurgitation (MR): epidemiology [ID 996]
MS is a female title (Ms.) and it is female predominant.
MR is a male title (Mr.) and it is male predominant.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Murmur attributes [ID 1437]
"IL PQRST" (person has ill PQRST heart waves):
Intensity
Location
Pitch
Quality
Radiation
Shape
Timing
Knowledge Level 6, System: Cardiovascular
Ghassan Abu Said 4th year Medical Student
Murmurs: innocent murmur features Hi Yield [ID 1243]
8 S's:
Soft
Systolic
Short
Sounds (S1 & S2) normal
Symptomless
Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG)
Standing/ Sitting (vary with position)
Sternal depression
Knowledge Level 4, System: Cardiovascular
Ziad Jaradat Jordan University School of Medicine
Murmurs: locations and descriptions [ID 1535]
"MRS A$$":
MRS: Mitral Regurgitation--Systolic
A$$: Aortic Stenosis--Systolic
_ The other two murmurs, Mitral stenosis and Aortic regurgitation, are obviously diastolic.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Alex Gitelman SUNY Downstate
Murmurs: louder with inspiration vs expiration Hi Yield [ID 3061]
LEft sided murmurs louder with Expiration
RIght sided murmurs louder with Inspiration.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Murmurs: questions to ask [ID 3073]
SCRIPT:
Site
Character (eg harsh, soft, blowing)
Radiation
Intensity
Pitch
Timing
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Jamal Khan Birmingham University Medical Student
Murmurs: right vs. left loudness [ID 475]
"RILE":
Right sided heart murmurs are louder on Inspiration.
Left sided heart murmurs are loudest on Expiration.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Murmurs: systolic [ID 2767]
MR PV TRAPS:
Mitral
Regurgitation and
Prolaspe
VSD
Tricupsid
Regurgitation
Aortic and
Pulmonary
Stenosis
Knowledge Level 4, System: Cardiovascular
Ugonna Duru Yale University School Of Medicine
Murmurs: systolic types [ID 341]
SAPS:
Systolic
Aortic
Pulmonic
Stenosis
_ Systolic murmurs include aortic and pulmonary stenosis.
_ Similarly, it's common sense that if it is aortic and pulmonary stenosis it could also be mitral and tricusp regurgitation].
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic Hi Yield [ID 967]
PASS: Pulmonic & Aortic Stenosis=Systolic.
PAID: Pulmonic & Aortic Insufficiency=Diastolic.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
W. Ciulla, RN, PA-C New Life Medical Clinic
Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic Hi Yield [ID 980]
Systolic murmurs: MR AS: "MR. ASner".
Diastolic murmurs: MS AR: "MS. ARden".
_ The famous people with those surnames are Mr. Ed Asner and Ms. Jane Arden.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Kristy Thomas, PA-C Mesquite Medical Associates, Mesquite, NV
Myocardial infarctions: treatment Hi Yield [ID 2181]
INFARCTIONS:
IV access
Narcotic analgesics (eg morphine, pethidine)
Facilities for defibrillation (DF)
Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin)
Rest
Converting enzyme inhibitor
Thrombolysis
IV beta blocker
Oxygen 60%
Nitrates
Stool Softeners
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Pericarditis: causes [ID 245]
CARDIAC RIND:
Collagen vascular disease
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Drugs (such as hydralazine)
Infections
Acute renal failure
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome
Knowledge Level 5, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Pericarditis: EKG Hi Yield [ID 1067]
"PericarditiS":
PR depression in precordial leads.
ST elevation.
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Peripheral vascular insufficiency: inspection criteria Hi Yield [ID 1615]
SICVD:
Symmetry of leg musculature
Integrity of skin
Color of toenails
Varicose veins
Distribution of hair
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Jeffrey Turner Memorial University, Canada
Pulseless electrical activity: causes Hi Yield [ID 1869]
PATCH MED:
Pulmonary embolus
Acidosis
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia/ Hypoxia/ Hypothermia/ Hypovolemia
Myocardial infarction
Electrolyte derangements
Drugs
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Will Anderson University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Rheumatic fever: Jones 5 major criteria Hi Yield [ID 2866]
STREP:
Sydenhams chorea
Transient migratory arthritis
Rheumatic subcutaneous nodules
Erythema marginatum
Pancarditis (endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis)
_ STREP, since Rheumatic fever is caused by group A strep.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Rheumatic fever: Jones criteria Hi Yield [ID 1933]
_ Major criteria: CANCER:
Carditis
Arthritis
Nodules
Chorea
Erythema
Rheumatic anamnesis
_ Minor criteria: CAFE PAL:
CRP increased
Arthralgia
Fever
Elevated ESR
Prolonged PR interval
Anamnesis of rheumatism
Leucocytosis
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
AAG Student
Rheumatic fever: Jones major criteria Hi Yield [ID 2104]
JONES:
Joints (migrating polyarthritis)
Obvious, the heart (carditis, pancarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis or valvulits)
Nodes (subcutaneous nodules)
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham's chorea
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Rheumatic fever: Revised Jones criteria Hi Yield [ID 1764]
JONES PEACE:
_ Major criteria:
Joints: migratory
O (heart shaped) Carditis: new onset murmur
Nodules, subcutaneous: extensor surfaces
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham's chorea
_ Minor criteria:
PR interval, prolonged
ESR elevated
Arthralgias
CRP elevated
Elevated temperature (fever)
_ Need 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor criteria, plus evidence of recent GAS infection (throat cx, rapid antigen test, or rising strep antibody
titer).
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Vince Yamashiroya
Rheumatic fever: Revised Jones' criteria Hi Yield [ID 1648]
JONES crITERIA:
_ Major criteria:
Joint (arthritis)
Obvious (Cardiac)
Nodule (Rheumatic)
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
_ Minor criteria:
Inflammatory cells (leukocytosis)
Temperature (fever)
ESR/CRP elevated
Raised PR interval
Itself (previous Hx of Rheumatic fever)
Arthralgia
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Anthony Chan Chinese University of Hong Kong
Sino-atrial node: innervation [ID 1713]
Sympathetic acts on Sodium channels (SS).
Parasympathetic acts on Potassium channels (PS).
Knowledge Level 9, System: Cardiovascular
Anonymous Contributor
Sinus bradycardia: aetiology [ID 1913]
"SINUS BRADICARDIA" (sinus bradycardia):
Sleep
Infections (myocarditis)
Neap thyroid (hypothyroid)
Unconsciousness (vasovagal syncope)
Subnormal temperatures (hypothermia)
Biliary obstruction
Raised CO2 (hypercapnia)
Acidosis
Deficient blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Imbalance of electrolytes
Cushing's reflex (raised ICP)
Aging
Rx (drugs, such as high-dose atropine)
Deep anaesthesia
Ischemic heart disease
Athletes
Knowledge Level 8, System: Cardiovascular
Dr. Sonali Vadi
Sinus tachycardia [ID 3058]
TACH FEVER:
Tamponade/ Thyrotoxicosis
Anemia
CHF
Hypotension
Fever
Excrutiating pain
Volume depletion
Exercise
Rx (Theo, Dopa, Epi, etc)
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular
Andrew Mackie, PA Rhode Island Hospital
ST elevation causes in ECG Hi Yield [ID 516]
ELEVATION:
Electrolytes
LBBB
Early repolarization
Ventricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Treatment (eg pericardiocentesis)
Injury (AMI, contusion)
Osborne waves (hypothermia)
Non-occlusive vasospasm
Knowledge Level 4, System: Cardiovascular
Ken Evans Saskatchewan Health, Acute and Emergency Services
Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment Hi Yield [ID 1737]
ABCDE:
Adenosine
Beta-blocker
Calcium channel antagonist
Digoxin
Excitation (vagal stimulation)
Knowledge Level 5, System: Cardiovascular
Richard Thompson Queens University, Belfast, NI
Ventricular tachycardia: treatment Hi Yield [ID 1739]
LAMB:
Lidocaine
Amiodarone
Mexiltene/ Magnesium
Beta-blocker
Knowledge Level 5, System: Cardiovascular
Richard Thompson Queens University, Belfast, NI
